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Source: http://www.roofingmurfreesborotn.com/401840/2012/03/21/identify-cost-effective-home-repairs--boost-the-value-of-your-home!.html

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Better organic electronics: Researchers show the way forward for improving organic and molecular electronic devices

ScienceDaily (Mar. 20, 2012) ? Future prospects for superior new organic electronic devices are brighter now thanks to a new study by researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). Working at the Lab's Molecular Foundry, a DOE nanoscience center, the team has provided the first experimental determination of the pathways by which electrical charge is transported from molecule-to-molecule in an organic thin film. Their results also show how such organic films can be chemically modified to improve conductance.

"We have shown that when the molecules in organic thin films are aligned in particular directions, there is much better conductance," says Miquel Salmeron, a leading authority on nanoscale surface imaging who directs Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences Division and who led this study. "Chemists already know how to fabricate organic thin films in a way that can achieve such an alignment, which means they should be able to use the information provided by our methodology to determine the molecular alignment and its role on charge transport across and along the molecules. This will help improve the performances of future organic electronic devices."

Salmeron and Shaul Aloni, also of the Materials Sciences Division, are the corresponding authors of a paper in the journal NanoLetters that describes this work. The paper is titled "Electron Microscopy Reveals Structure and Morphology of One Molecule Thin Organic Films." Other co-authors were Virginia Altoe, Florent Martin and Allard Katan.

Organic electronics, also known as plastic or polymer electronics, are devices that utilize carbon-based molecules as conductors rather than metals or semiconductors. They are prized for their low costs, light weight and rubbery flexibility. Organic electronics are also expected to play a big role in molecular computing, but to date their use has been hampered by low electrical conductance in comparison to metals and semiconductors.

"Chemists and engineers have been using their intuition and trial-and-error testing to make progress in the field but at some point you hit a wall unless you understand what is going on at the molecular level, for example, how electrons or holes flow through or across molecules, how the charge transport depends on the structure of the organic layers and the orientation of the molecules, and how the charge transport responds to mechanical forces and chemical inputs," Salmeron says. "With our experimental results, we have shown that we can now provide answers for these questions."

In this study, Salmeron and his colleagues used electron diffraction patterns to map the crystal structures of molecular films made from monolayers of short versions of commonly used polymers containing long chains of thiophene units. They focused specifically on pentathiophene butyric acid (5TBA) and two of its derivatives (D5TBA and DH5TBA) that were induced to self-assemble on various electron-transparent substrates. Pentathiophenes -- molecules containing a ring of four carbon and one sulfur atoms -- are members of a well-studied and promising family of organic semiconductors.

Obtaining structural crystallographic maps of monolayer organic films using electron beams posed a major challenge, as Aloni explains.

"These organic molecules are extremely sensitive to high energy electrons," he says. "When you shoot a beam of high energy electrons through the film it immediately affects the molecules. Within few seconds we no longer see the signature intermolecular alignment of the diffraction pattern. Despite this, when applied correctly, electron microscopy becomes essential tool that can provide unique information on organic samples."

Salmeron, Aloni and their colleagues overcame the challenge through the combination of a unique strategy they developed and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at the Molecular Foundry's Imaging and Manipulation of Nanostructures Facility. Electron diffraction patterns were collected as a parallel electron beam was scanned over the film, then analyzed by computer to generate structural crystallographic maps.

"These maps contain uncompromised information of the size, symmetry and orientation of the unit cell, the orientation and structure of the domains, the degree of crystallinity, and any variations on the micrometer scale," says first author Altoe. "Such data are crucial to understanding the structure and electrical transport properties of the organic films, and allow us to track small changes driven by chemical modifications of the support films."

In their paper, the authors acknowledge that to gain structural information they had to sacrifice some resolution.

"The achievable resolution of the structural map is a compromise between sample radiation hardness, detector sensitivity and noise, and data acquisition rate," Salmeron says. "To keep the dose of high energy electrons at a level the monolayer film could support and still be able to collect valuable information about its structure, we had to spread the beam to a 90 nanometer diameter. However a fast and direct control of the beam position combined with the use of fast and ultrasensitive detectors should allow for the use of smaller beams with a higher electron flux, resulting in a better than 10 nanometer resolution."

While the combination of organic molecular films and substrates in this study conduct electrical current via electron holes (positively-charged energy spaces), Salmeron and his colleagues say their structural mapping can also be applied to materials whose conductance is electron-based.

"We expect our methodology to have widespread applications in materials research," Salmeron says.

Aloni and Altoe say this methodology is now available at the Imaging and Manipulation of Nanostructures Facility for users of the Molecular Foundry.

This research was supported by the DOE Office of Science.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Virginia Altoe, Florent Martin, Allard Katan, Miquel Salmeron, Shaul Aloni. Electron Microscopy Reveals Structure and Morphology of One Molecule Thin Organic Films. Nano Letters, 2012; 12 (3): 1295 DOI: 10.1021/nl203776n

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120320115627.htm

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A romantic comedy of environmental folly

Sara Reardon, reporter

(Image: CBS/Everett/Rex Features)

If you were an environmental research scientist, what would you do if you were handed an unlimited budget out of the blue? Using it to destroy an entire ecosystem, introduce an invasive species into a hostile environment and create a recreation park for one man would probably not top your list. But that?s the premise of the new romantic comedy Salmon Fishing in the Yemen which provides food for thought behind the shimmering romance.

Fred Jones (Ewan McGregor) is a fish scientist working for the UK government who receives a strange email from investment banker Harriet Chetwode-Talbot (Emily Blunt). A Yemeni sheikh (Amr Waked) wants to commission Jones to install a river in the Yemen desert and introduce Scottish salmon into it - so the sheikh can fly fish in his backyard.

Jones immediately turns him down, saying simply that the desert is too hot and, oh, it has no water. But he?s too late: the prime minister?s overzealous press secretary (Kristin Scott Thomas), hungry for a Middle East story with a positive spin, spots the proposal and turns it into a flagship project for British science. With his job in jeopardy and with his marriage on its last legs, Jones takes a leap of faith and commits to the project and the pretty investment banker.

Despite the magnitude of the undertaking, there?s little science to be seen here. At the start, Jones gives Chetwode-Talbot a sarcastic markerboard lecture of the project?s many hurdles: engineering the dam to trap water from freshwater aquifers uncovered while drilling, oxygenating the water to the right temperature for North Atlantic salmon, transporting 10,000 salmon across three time zones in giant holding tanks, and convincing the farm-bred creatures to swim up river and spawn - all of which, he assures her, will result in a river full of belly-up fish.

The next we see, though, the two are walking along the side of a canyon in Yemen, hair blowing in the desert wind as they gape at the massive scale of the project magicked into existence behind them. Of course, it would tax the audience of a movie billed as a rom-com to tolerate an hour-long lecture on aquaculture. The satirical 2010 book by Paul Torday, on which the movie is based, leaves more room to expose the details. But when Jones, with his $50 million budget, hires the engineering team who built the notorious Three Gorges Dam in China to set up shop in the Yemen, one wonders how they pulled it off - or managed to get so far in spite of the same controversies.

(Image: CBS/Everett/Rex Features)

Even with the romantic focus, the movie delves into some real issues about the short-sightedness of environmental projects forced on communities, however beautiful and peaceful those projects may initially seem. Jones? boss at Defra, tasked with collecting 10,000 native salmon from Scotland?s rivers, suddenly finds his picture splashed across the cover of every fishing enthusiast magazine in the U.K., denouncing him as ?the salmon snatcher.?

The idea goes down no better in Yemen. It?s hardly a spoiler to say that the idea of putting a river in the desert doesn?t thrill the sheikh?s neighbours, who object to his hubris. After tragedy strikes, Jones has a brilliant thought: ?Next time, we?ll engage the local community, make it their project and not just ours!? he exclaims, eyes shining with long-overdue enlightenment.

Though the metaphors are a bit laboured at times, it?s a sweet, lightly funny movie overall, and it?s always nice to see a scientist in a non-evil role. A very human scientist too: money, love, and the sheikh?s seductive talk of faith are enough to convince Jones to put aside his better scientific judgement and take on a project that, even the sheikh later laments was intended ?to glorify God, but now I fear it was to glorify man.? It certainly doesn?t glorify the poor salmon.

Salmon Fishing in the Yemen is currently showing in cinemas throughout the US. It opens in the UK on 20 April.

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Source: http://feeds.newscientist.com/c/749/f/10897/s/1d95103c/l/0L0Snewscientist0N0Cblogs0Cculturelab0C20A120C0A30Ca0Eromantic0Ecomedy0Eof0Eenvironmental0Efolly0Bhtml0DDCMP0FOTC0Erss0Gnsref0Fonline0Enews/story01.htm

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Spotlight On Ad Buyers (TIME)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories News, RSS and RSS Feed via Feedzilla.

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Robert L. Cook Blog ? Have More Fun Online by Gaming

Gaming By Left Hand! free games online is one of those things where the total influence it has primarily rests on other considerations. So it is not uncommon to find yourself doing a lot of research and decision making. Many people have created more problems for themselves because they did not gather all the relevant facts. That is exactly why we advise you take a look at all of your options as it relates to getting the most for your efforts. You want to know what you are working with, so the following are some areas within this subject you should use the time to consider.

Online gaming represents fun for most people, plus they?re a nice way to socialize with others. Tens of millions play them, so if they were not a source of fun they would not bother with it. As with all other things, you?ll find some people better at games than others. When a person is getting involved with online gaming, that?s when it?s most true. The good news is that figuring out the lay of the land doesn?t have to be difficult. A positive attitude plus anything you need such as a left-handed mouse, as an example. What we want to do now is discuss a few proven tips and tricks for more victorious online gaming.

It is worthwhile for left-handed players to purchase left-handed mouses to make it easier to maneuver. Ambidextrous keyboards are also available. Ambidextrous keyboards come in two parts, which enables you to use them in the most convenient way. If you are really serious about getting the right gadgets, you can find a special keyboard for gamers, even one made for left handed players if you look hard enough. These keyboards cost more than most, so they are made for players who are willing to pay for this extra edge.

Just try not to be like the Terminator when you?re gaming. Good game play requires you to be at least a little bit humble. If you can do something a lot better than someone else, be cool about it and don?t bust their stones. Don?t get angry or anything like that when you lose a game. Be straight and even about it, tell them you enjoyed the game, congratulations, and thank them. Work to get better by identifying why you lost, and then try to improve. In time people will grow to like you there, and it?ll be a good thing.

Beyond all else, you should not forget to have fun with it. Games are meant to provide you with entertainment. Although they are not meant to replace real life. If you find that you are taking the game too seriously or that you are getting too wrapped up in it, step away from the left handed mouses and keyboard and do something else for a while. Get a divorce from your computer for a while or switch to a different game. If you aren?t having fun then the people you are playing with won?t have fun. That can be quite powerful if you take what is known about free arcade games and put it to use. We all know how much people like to complain about things, and that is one thing that really hardly ever gets anything done.

Dare to be different in the sense that you will get up and move on this ? go forward, be bold and willing to do something. Make a plan that you will take action, and then work from that plan every day until you see the results you want.

Half the battle with anything is making decisions and following through with them. After saying all of that, it is time to move forward. You can blow off steam, meet new friends and practice your gaming skills with this type of game. The reason we can find so many online games right now is because they are meant to bring enjoyment to the user, if this weren?t happening you can bet there would not be so many. Great game players understand all of the different things that becoming good involves. Having the right equipment (like left handed mouses) is only a little bit of it. These tips have been provided in hope that you will learn a few things. Now get out there and have some fun!

In mere seconds you can discover a few possibly shocking pieces of information concerning free online games that we think you will love. It is incredibly simple to overlook the most valuable information because it is spread out all over the web. It is so simple to find information that is missing in important finer points, we will say, but we do have the full story.

Source: http://www.miauce.org/have-more-fun-online-by-gaming/

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Super busy SXSW wraps up with poignant moment

Norah Jones performs her entire new album during the SXSW Music Festival in Austin, Texas on Saturday, March 17, 2012.(AP Photo/Jack Plunkett)

Norah Jones performs her entire new album during the SXSW Music Festival in Austin, Texas on Saturday, March 17, 2012.(AP Photo/Jack Plunkett)

Norah Jones performs her entire new album during the SXSW Music Festival in Austin, Texas on Saturday, March 17, 2012.(AP Photo/Jack Plunkett)

AUSTIN, Texas (AP) ? Stars of all stripes and celebrity hit town to close out South By Southwest, but it was a marching band that stole the show Saturday.

Members of the Austin High band watched their star turn in the premiere of filmmaker Emmett Malloy's "Big Easy Express," then joined documentary subjects Mumford & Sons, Edward Sharpe and The Magnetic Zeroes and Old Crow Medicine Show in an outdoor concert at the University of Texas as the music conference fell into an exhausted heap on its final night.

Across town, Timbaland held a listening party at Perez Hilton's annual to-do. Norah Jones played her new album for an appreciative group of fans. Matthew McConaughey joined The Cult during a free concert. Punk rock icon Bob Mould played "Copper Blue" in its entirety, bringing out the graybeards. And Peter Buck and Mike Mills of R.E.M. joined The Posies and Blitzen Trapper in one final tribute to Big Star frontman Alex Chilton, who passed away two years ago as he was due to participate in SXSW.

Rumors of celebrity appearances swirled up and down Sixth Street, but few of them materialized as St. Patrick's Day revelers clogged downtown Austin in a frenzy of partying that didn't end till 2 a.m. last call.

Superstars such as Bruce Springsteen, Jay-Z, Eminem and others made this the busiest SXSW ever, overflowing with celebrity, secret performances and high-dollar endorsements that made sure the festival looked nothing like the humble event that started 25 years ago with just 200 bands spread over 12 clubs. With so much going on and plenty of places to get hammered on green beer, even the usually most exclusive events were easy to get into.

It took a bumpin' tuba line and a bunch of enthusiastic high school kids to shake off the glitzy veneer that had many longtime festival participants grumbling about the good old days and inject a little innocent joy back into the conference.

With the UT Tower lit up in the background, the band took the stage, then laid down a rolling groove before joining Mumford & Sons on "The Cave," recreating a powerful moment from "Big Easy Express" in front of thousands of fans on the lawn at the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library.

"That's real music, ladies and gentlemen," Marcus Mumford told the crowd after the song. "That's real music from real people."

Afterwards fans surrounded marching band members on the street and chanted: "One more song! One more song!"

The love of making music and the community brought by close collaboration were the dominant themes of "Big Easy Express," which made its world premiere earlier in the day at the Paramount Theatre, then was replayed for the crowd before the night's concert.

Malloy follows the three bands as they made a train trip from California to New Orleans via Austin. They covered 2,500 miles in a week and a half, playing music almost every step of the way and enlisting Austin High to join the fun in one of the film's most delightful moments.

"Very few people have seen this film," said Malloy, whose previous credits include The White Stripes 2009 documentary "Under Great White Northern Lights." ''But the ones who have, everyone says they're very jealous that they weren't on (the train). They want to quit their day job and go be a freak. And I think the fact that this film evokes that kind of like, 'I want to get in touch with my wild side' is great. It's more emotional than I would've ever thought, and the fact that I was able to work with everything those guys were doing those days and create a little bit of an emotional journey, that put this film in a very special place."

The film is full of poignant moments as the bands bond in close quarters, jamming on each other's songs, writing new ones and taking old standards and making them new.

"We got on the train and you guys were just setting the tone, really playing music nonstop," said Alex Ebert, nodding to Mumford and OCMS member Gill Landry during a red carpet interview before the premiere. "It was a really powerful experience and one we jumped into probably willingly and happily. But I mean in that sense that's what we took away the most ? the preparedness, willingness and effort to constantly play music."

Over at Hilton's party, producer Timbaland took the stage after a long absence from the spotlight.

"I know you been missing me for a while," he said.

Timbaland bragged on his own group of favorite collaborators, saying that collaborator Dev was now a member of his "Superfriends" before launching into his latest single, "Break Ya Back," from his forthcoming album "Shock Value III." He also rapped and beat-boxed over abbreviated versions of some of his best-known songs.

"I don't know if I can get off the stage," he said. "I've got too many hits."

___

Online:

http://www.sxsw.com

___

Follow AP Entertainment Writer Chris Talbott at www.twitter.com/Chris_Talbott.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-03-18-SXSW-Wrap%20Up/id-5b73232736b9475bbd6c4834a7b79629

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Jockey Corey Nakatani, One of the Best Riders in North America

Corey Nakatani has long been a fixture among the very best jockeys riding in the United States today. He has won many of the biggest races that are run in the United States, and has even been chosen by many European trainers to ride their top fillies, mares and colts when the biggest event of the year, the Breeders' Cup World Championships, comes along every year at the end of October or early in November.
Nakatani is not a jockey that favors one type of surface over another. Indeed, a look at his surefire Hall-of-Fame record shows conclusively that he has run many prestigious, Grade I events featuring lucrative purses sometimes in the millions of dollars, and he has won those races on natural dirt in the slop or on a fast track, on dry grass or wet grass, and on every type of synthetic, whether it be Polytrack or ProRide.
At the the age of 28 years old, Nakatani graduated in Castaic, California from jockey training school. In 1988, he won his very first race aboard a horse by the name of Blue King. One notable thing about Corey's first win was the fact that it was, after a photo finish, determined to be a dead heat, making Nakatani the only jockey riding in the United States today who won his first race in an actual dead heat. He first gained national prominence in 1991 when, on the Friday before Kentucky Derby day at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky, he won the Kentucky Oaks in impressive fashion aboard a fine filly named Lite Light. He then won the Oaks again in 1996 atop Pike Place Dancer. Nakatani's reputation as a major stakes jockey was secure at that point, but it was in the 1996 Breeders' Cup that he really made himself a household name in the racing world.
He won two of the most prestigious Breeders' Cup races in the Breeders' Cup Distaff (now known as the Ladies' Classic) atop Jewel Princess and then won the Breeders' Cup Sprint on a colt named Lit de Justice. Since 1996, Nakatani has totally dominated the Breeders' Cup, and although he has yet to win the Breeders' Cup Classic, he has won a grand total of 4 times in the Breeders' Cup Sprint alone, and 7 total Breeders' Cup races.
2006 was a banner year for Nakatani, as on Memorial Day of that year he won his 3000th race at Hollywood Park. The one thing that Nakatani is still searching for is a Triple Crown victory, especially a Kentucky Derby victory. With the success that he has already had in racing, you can bet that Corey Nakatani will get plenty of chances at the Triple Crown races, whether it be the Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, or the Belmont Stakes.

Source: http://www.artipot.com/articles/1182626/jockey-corey-nakatani-one-of-the-best-riders-in-north-america.htm

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